Risk factors for depression and anxiety in survivors of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Received 28 August 2009; accepted 9 November 2009. published online 14 December 2009.
Abstract
Objective
Depression and anxiety are common morbidities of critical illness. We assessed risk factors of depression and anxiety in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) survivors at 1 and 2 years post-hospital discharge.
Method
Risk factors for depression and anxiety at 1 and 2 years were assessed using stepwise multiple regression analyses, with and without 1-year outcomes.
Results
ARDS survivors had depression (16% and 23%) and anxiety (24% and 23%) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Predictors of depression at 1 year were alcohol dependence, female gender and younger age (P=.006). Predictors of anxiety were ratio of arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen fraction and duration of mechanical ventilation (P<.005). Predictors of depression at 2 years were depression at 1 year and the presence of cognitive sequelae (P<.0001). Predictors of anxiety at 2 years was anxiety at 1 year (P<.0001).
Conclusions
Medical variables that predicted depression or anxiety at 1 year no longer predicted depression and anxiety at 2 years. Medical variables appear to have a short-term effect on psychiatric outcomes. At 2 years lifestyle behaviors including history of smoking along with cognitive sequelae, depression and anxiety at 1 year predict depression and anxiety.
ABSTRACT