General Hospital Psychiatry
Volume 32, Issue 4 , Pages 368-376 , July 2010

Quality of care for anxiety and depression in different ethnic groups by family practitioners in urban areas in the Netherlands

  • Thijs Fassaert, M.Sc.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Municipal Health Service, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Department of Social Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. GGD Amsterdam, Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, P.O. Box 2200, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel.: +31 (0)20 555 5026; fax: +31 (0)20 555 5160.
    • ,
  • Mark Nielen, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), 3500 BN Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Robert Verheij, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • NIVEL (Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research), 3500 BN Utrecht, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Arnoud Verhoeff, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Municipal Health Service, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Amsterdam, 1012 DK Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Jack Dekker, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychology, VU University, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • Section of Research and Development, Arkin, 1062 XD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Aartjan Beekman, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Psychiatry, VU University, 1081 HL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • GGZ inGeest, 1081 HL Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Matty de Wit, Ph.D.

      Affiliations

    • Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Municipal Health Service, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Received 12 February 2010 ,Accepted 30 April 2010.

References 

  1. Campbell SM, Roland MO, Buetow SA. Defining quality of care. Soc Sci Med. 2000;51:1611–1625
  2. Barr DA. Health Disparities in the United States. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2008;
  3. Carta MG, Bernal M, Hardoy MC, et al. Migration and mental health in Europe (the state of the mental health in Europe working group: appendix 1). Clin Pract Epidemol Ment Health. 2005;1:13
  4. Claassen D, Ascoli M, Berhe T, et al. Research on mental disorders and their care in immigrant populations: a review of publications from Germany, Italy and the UK. Eur Psychiatry. 2005;20:540–549
  5. Bhugra D. Migration and depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2003;418:67–72
  6. Bhugra D, Mastrogianni A. Globalisation and mental disorders. Overview with relation to depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;184:10–20
  7. Kessler RC, Auilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, et al. The global burden of mental disorders: an update from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Epidemiol Pyschiatr Soc. 2009;18:23–33
  8. Ustun TB, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Chatterji S, et al. Global burden of depressive disorders in the year 2000. Br J Psychiatry. 2004;184:386–392
  9. Wang PS, Berglund P, Kessler RC. Recent care of common mental disorders in the United States: prevalence and conformance with evidence-based recommendations. J Gen Intern Med. 2000;15:284–292
  10. Hepner KA, Rowe M, Rost K, et al. The effect of adherence to practice guidelines on depression outcomes. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:320–329
  11. Melfi CA, Chawla AJ, Croghan TW, et al. The effects of adherence to antidepressant treatment guidelines on relapse and recurrence of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:1128–1132
  12. Schraufnagel TJ, Wagner AW, Miranda J, et al. Treating minority patients with depression and anxiety: what does the evidence tell us?. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2006;28:27–36
  13. Miranda J, Bernal G, Lau A, et al. State of the science on psychosocial interventions for ethnic minorities. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2005;1:113–142
  14. Cornwell J, Hull S. Do GPs prescribe antidepressants differently for South Asian patients?. Fam Pract. 1998;15(Suppl 1):S16–S18
  15. Hull SA, Cornwell J, Harvey C, et al. Prescribing rates for psychotropic medication amongst east London general practices: low rates where Asian populations are greatest. Fam Pract. 2001;18:167–173
  16. Gonzalez HM, Vega WA, Williams DR, et al. Depression care in the United States: too little for too few. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67:37–46
  17. Andersen RM. Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: does it matter?. J Health Soc Behav. 1995;36:1–10
  18. Andersen RM. National health surveys and the behavioral model of health services use. Med Care. 2008;46:647–653
  19. Prins MA, Verhaak PF, Smolders M, et al. Patient factors associated with guideline-concordant treatment of anxiety and depression in primary care. J Gen Intern Med. 2010;[Epub ahead of print]
  20. Maginn S, Boardman AP, Craig TK, et al. The detection of psychological problems by general practitioners—influence of ethnicity and other demographic variables. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2004;39:464–471
  21. Cooper LA, Gonzales JJ, Gallo JJ, et al. The acceptability of treatment for depression among African-American, Hispanic, and white primary care patients. Med Care. 2003;41:479–489
  22. Cabana MD, Rushton JL, Rush AJ. Implementing practice guidelines for depression: applying a new framework to an old problem. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2002;24:35–42
  23. Borowsky SJ, Rubenstein LV, Meredith LS, et al. Who is at risk of nondetection of mental health problems in primary care?. J Gen Intern Med. 2000;15:381–388
  24. Goldberg D, Huxley P. Common Mental Disorders. London: Routledge; 1992;
  25. Smolders M, Laurant M, Verhaak P, et al. Which physician and practice characteristics are associated with adherence to evidence-based guidelines for depressive and anxiety disorders?. Med Care. 2010;48:240–248
  26. Stockdale SE, Lagomasino IT, Siddique J, et al. Racial and ethnic disparities in detection and treatment of depression and anxiety among psychiatric and primary health care visits, 1995–2005. Med Care. 2008;46:668–677
  27. Duhoux A, Fournier L, Nguyen CT, et al. Guideline concordance of treatment for depressive disorders in Canada. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009;44:385–392
  28. Kristofco RE, Stewart AJ, Vega W. Perspectives on disparities in depression care. J Contin Educ Health Prof. 2007;27(Suppl 1):S18–S25
  29. Rollman BL, Hanusa BH, Belnap BH, et al. Race, quality of depression care, and recovery from major depression in a primary care setting. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2002;24:381–390
  30. Comino E, Silove D, Manicavasagar V, Harris E, Harris M. Agreement in symptoms of anxiety and depression between patients and GPs: the influence of ethnicity. Fam Pract. 2001;18:71–77
  31. Shaw J, Creed F, Price J, et al. Prevalence and detection of serious psychiatric disorder in defendants attending court. Lancet. 1999;353:1053–1056
  32. Verhaak PF, Hoeymans N, Garssen AA, et al. Mental health in the Dutch population and in general practice: 1987–2001. Br J Gen Pract. 2005;55:770–775
  33. Verhaak PF, van den Brink-Muinen A, Bensing JM, et al. Demand and supply for psychological help in general practice in different European countries: access to primary mental health care in six European countries. Eur J Public Health. 2004;14:134–140
  34. Lugtenberg M, Burgers JS, Westert GP. Effects of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines on quality of care: a systematic review. Qual Saf Health Care. 2009;18:385–392
  35. Grol R, Jones R. Twenty years of implementation research. Fam Pract. 2000;17(Suppl 1):S32–S35
  36. Smolders M, Laurant M, Verhaak P, et al. Adherence to evidence-based guidelines for depression and anxiety disorders is associated with recording of the diagnosis. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009;31:460–469
  37. Peen J. Mental Health and Urbanisation. An Investigation of Urban–Rural and Inner-City Differences in Psychiatric Morbidity. Amsterdam: Arkin; 2009;
  38. de Wit MAS, Tuinebreijer WC, Dekker J, et al. Depressive and anxiety disorders in different ethnic groups: a population based study among native Dutch, and Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese migrants in Amsterdam. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008;43:905–912
  39. Bijl RV, Ravelli A. Psychiatric morbidity, service use, and need for care in the general population: results of The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:602–607
  40. Peen J, Dekker J. Urbanisation as a risk indicator for psychiatric admission. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2003;38:535–538
  41. Bengi-Arslan L, Verhulst FC, Crijnen AA. Prevalence and determinants of minor psychiatric disorder in Turkish immigrants living in The Netherlands. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002;37:118–124
  42. van der Wurff FB, Beekman AT, Dijkshoorn H, et al. Prevalence and risk-factors for depression in elderly Turkish and Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands. J Affect Disord. 2004;83:33–41
  43. Levecque K, Lodewyckx I, Vranken J. Depression and generalised anxiety in the general population in Belgium: a comparison between native and immigrant groups. J Affect Disord. 2007;97:229–239
  44. Levecque K, Lodewyckx I, Bracke P. Psychological distress, depression and generalised anxiety in Turkish and Moroccan immigrants in Belgium: a general population study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009;44:188–197
  45. Mitchell AJ, Vaze A, Rao S. Clinical diagnosis of depression in primary care: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;374:609–619
  46. Ormel J, Koeter MW, van den Brink W, et al. Recognition, management, and course of anxiety and depression in general practice. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1991;48:700–706
  47. Smolders M. Assessing and Improving the Management of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care. Nijmegen: Radboud University Nijmegen; 2009;
  48. Goldstein H. Multilevel statistical models. London: Edward Arnold; 2003;
  49. Ormel J, van den Brink W, Koeter MW, et al. Recognition, management and outcome of psychological disorders in primary care: a naturalistic follow-up study. Psychol Med. 1990;20:909–923
  50. Fassaert T, de Wit MA, Tuinebreijer WC, et al. Perceived need for mental health care among non-western labour migrants. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009;44:208–216
  51. Verheij RA, Van Dijk CE, Abrahamse H, Davids R, Van den Hoogen H, Braspenning J, et al. Landelijk Informatienetwerk Huisartsenzorg. Feiten en cijfers over huisartsenzorg in Nederland. Utrecht/Nijmegen: NIVEL/WOK; 2010;http://www.linh.nl
  52. Biermans MC, Verheij RA, de Bakker DH, et al. Estimating morbidity rates from electronic medical records in general practice. Evaluation of a grouping system. Methods Inf Med. 2008;47:98–106
  53. Biermans MC, de Bakker DH, Verheij RA, et al. Development of a case-based system for grouping diagnoses in general practice. Int J Med Inform. 2008;77:431–439
  54. Nielen MM, Schellevis FG, Verheij RA. Inter-practice variation in diagnosing hypertension and diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in general practice. BMC Fam Pract. 2009;10:6
  55. Fassaert T, Dorn T, Spreeuwenberg PM, et al. Prescription of benzodiazepines in general practice in the context of a man-made disaster: a longitudinal study. Eur J Public Health. 2007;17:612–617
  56. van den Berg B, Grievink L, van der Velden PG, et al. Risk factors for physical symptoms after a disaster: a longitudinal study. Psychol Med. 2008;38:499–510
  57. Westert GP, Schellevis FG, de Bakker DH, et al. Monitoring health inequalities through general practice: the Second Dutch National Survey of General Practice. Eur J Public Health. 2005;15:59–65
  58. Lamberts H, Wood MICPC. International Classification of Primary Care. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1987;
  59. Wood M, Lamberts H, Meijer JS, et al. The conversion between ICPC and ICD-10. Requirements for a family of classification systems in the next decade. Fam Pract. 1992;9:340–348
  60. Statistics Netherlands . Definitions. http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/methoden/begrippen/default.htmAccessed 26-1-2010
  61. van Lin N, Laurant M, Pijnenborg L. Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg. In:  Braspenning J,  Pijneborg L,  in't Veld C editor. Werken aan kwaliteit in de huisartsenpraktijk. Indicatoren gebaseerd op de NHG-standaarden. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum; 2005;p. 86–95
  62. Fernandez A, Haro JM, Codony M, et al. Treatment adequacy of anxiety and depressive disorders: primary versus specialised care in Spain. J Affect Disord. 2006;96:9–20
  63. Fernandez A, Haro JM, Martinez-Alonso M, et al. Treatment adequacy for anxiety and depressive disorders in six European countries. Br J Psychiatry. 2007;190:172–173
  64. Young AS, Klap R, Sherbourne CD, et al. The quality of care for depressive and anxiety disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:55–61
  65. Uiters E, Deville WL, Foets M, et al. Use of health care services by ethnic minorities in The Netherlands: do patterns differ?. Eur J Public Health. 2006;16:388–393
  66. Fassaert T, de Wit MA, Verhoeff AP, et al. Uptake of health services for common mental disorders by first-generation Turkish and Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:307
  67. Schrier AC, Theunissen JR, Kempe PT, Beekman ATF. Migranten in de ambulante ggz maken een inhaalslag. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2005;47:771–777
  68. Fassaert T., Peen J., van Straten A., et al. Ethnic differences and similarities in outpatient depression treatment characteristics in the Netherlands. Psychiatr Serv [in press].
  69. de Jong JT, van Ommeren M. Mental health services in a multicultural society: interculturalization and its quality surveillance. Transcult Psychiatry. 2005;42:437–456
  70. Watters C. Migration and mental health care in Europe: report of a preliminary mapping exercise. J Ethn Migr Stud. 2002;28:153–172
  71. Fassaert T, Hesselink AE, Verhoeff AP. Acculturation and use of health care services by Turkish and Moroccan migrants: a cross-sectional population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:332
  72. Knipscheer JW, Kleber RJ. Help-seeking behaviour regarding mental health problems of Mediterranean migrants in the Netherlands: familiarity with care, consultation attitude and use of services. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2005;51:372–382
  73. Lesser IM, Myers HF, Lin KM, et al. Ethnic differences in antidepressant response: a prospective multi-site clinical trial. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27:56–62
  74. Knipscheer JW, Kleber RJ. Help-seeking attitudes and utilization patterns for mental health problems of Surinamese migrants in the Netherlands. J Couns Psychol. 2001;48:28–38
  75. Lugtenberg M, Zegers-van Schaick JM, Westert GP, et al. Why don't physicians adhere to guideline recommendations in practice? An analysis of barriers among Dutch general practitioners. Implement Sci. 2009;4:54
  76. Smolders M, Laurant M, van Rijswijk E, et al. Depressed and a co-morbid condition: more psychotropics prescribed!. Eur J Gen Pract. 2008;14:10–18
  77. Mullan E, Katona P, D'Ath P, et al. Screening, detection and management of depression in elderly primary care attenders: II. Detection and fitness for treatment: a case record study. Fam Pract. 1994;11:267–270
  78. van Lindert H, Droomers M, Westert GP. Een kwestie van verschil:verschillen in zelfgerapporteerde leefstijl, gezondheid en zorggebruik. Utrecht: NIVEL; 2004;
  79. Uiters E, van Dijk L, Deville W, et al. Ethnic minorities and prescription medication; concordance between self-reports and medical records. BMC Health Serv Res. 2006;115
  80. Burger I, van Hemert AM, Schudel WJ, et al. Suicidal behavior in four ethnic groups in the Hague, 2002–2004. Crisis. 2009;30:63–67
  81. Garssen MJ, Hoogenboezem J, Kerkhof AJ. Suicide among Surinamese migrants in the Netherlands by ethnicity. Tijdschr Psychiatr. 2007;49:373–381
  82. Graafsma T, Kerkhof A, Gibson D, et al. High rates of suicide and attempted suicide using pesticides in Nickerie, Suriname, South America. Crisis. 2006;27:77–81

PII: S0163-8343(10)00100-3

doi: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.04.010

General Hospital Psychiatry
Volume 32, Issue 4 , Pages 368-376 , July 2010

Article Tools